, Donald A. Hagner, Matthew 1-13, vol. Luke 10:13 "Woe to you, Chorazin! The arguments for and against this view may be summarized as follows:(a) Galilee ran right round the lake, including most of the level coastland on the East. John 1:44 Now Philip was from Bethsaida, of the city of Andrew and Peter. A herd of swine running headlong down the mountain would here inevitably perish in the lake (Matthew 8:32, etc.). The greatest breadth is in the North, from el-Mejdel to the mouth of Wady Semak being rather over 7 miles. Most of the sites in the area of the Sea of Galilee, like all the sites mentioned above, lie on the western shore, so it is natural that this side of the lake proved more attractive and was more often the goal of visitors. The pretty wild ride that the Black Obelisk took from Nimrud, where it was found, to the British Museum, where its displayed to this day. The agreement of these two favors the strict interpretation. In contrast to the western shore, the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee has usually lain outside the area of the Christian pilgrims principal interest. Pompey is said to have restored it, 63 B.C. A friend recently asked about the geographical problem of Mark 5 so I thought Id write up some thoughts on the topic. David Noel Freedman, The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 673. Ewing. In the rooms north of the prayer hall, we found an oil-press, including the crushing, pressing and collecting components. A party in the city surrendered it to Vespasian, who placed a garrison there (BJ, IV, vii, 3). Yarmuk (Pliny N H, xvi)-East of Tiberias and Scythopolis, on the top of a hill, 3 Roman miles from hot springs and baths called Amatha, on the bank of the Hieromax (Onomasticon, under the word). [8] [9] The distance between Bethsaida and Paneas is said to have been 50 mi (80 km). During the second half of the sixth century, the diaconicon was remodeled to house a baptistery. Fertility:The walnut, the palm, the olive and the fig, which usually require diverse conditions, flourish together here. Distance between North District and Capernaum (9,93 km.) Gergesa, also Gergasa ( in Byzantine greek) or the Country of the Gergesenes, is a place on the eastern ( Golan Heights) side of the Sea of Galilee located at some distance to the ancient Decapolis cities of Gadara and Gerasa. The sheltering hills provide excellent grazing areas, particularly for hogs, which are best suited to these rocky hills. In most cases they have gone, leaving not even their names with any certainty behind; but His memory abides forever. Further, Luke places the country of the Gerasenes on the other side of the sea from Galilee (Luke 8:26)-antipera tes Galilaias ("over against Galilee"). Description:Modern Jerash lies on both banks of Wady Jerash, about 6 miles from its confluence with Wady ez-Zerqa (the Jabbok). Traces of ancient buildings in the vicinity show that there must have been a fairly numerous population in the district.2. Gerasa, one of the cities of Decapolis and the capital of the country of the Gerasenes, lay around 37 miles/60 kilometres away from the Sea of Galilee in what is today the city of Jerash in Jordan.3The country of the Gerasenes did not reach the Sea of Galilee (an important point that we'll get to in a bit). Ewing. Or something. A narrow ribbon of plain between the mountain and the shore runs to the South end of the lake. But as we have seen above, the "want of precision" must also be attributed to the writer of John 6:17. From the beginning of our work, it was clear that we were excavating the remains of a large, walled settlement of a religious character, undoubtedly a monastery that included a well-built basilica of exceptional quality. Gerasa and Gadara are accounted for in historical accounts (by writers such as Pliny the Elder and Josephus) and by archaeological research. The Second visit to Cana - Cure of the Nobleman's' Son at Capernaum. Such storms are fairly frequent, and as they are attended with danger to small craft, the boatmen are constantly on the alert. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Tiberias to Capernaum, It takes 0.01 hours to arrive. (St. Matt. Jesus would naturally avoid those in which Greek influences were strong. The site became apparently known since at least the Early Muslim period as Kursya,[2] the Aramaic word for "chair", and later as Kursi, a word with the same meaning in Arabic,[3] The monks built a walled monastic complex there and made it a destination for Christian pilgrims. Well, it seems Eusebius didnt arrive at his Gergesa idea alone; it appears he may have just been following Origens (185-253 CE) commentary on John where we read: Origen, John. The pilgrimage sites associated with the swine miracle, as opposed to the urban settlement of Tell el-Kursi, were discovered quite by accident in the late 20th century. To the North of this the waters of the sea almost touch the foot of the steep slope. It was conquered by the Moslems in the time of Omar (Guy le Strange, Palestine under the Moslems, 462). Christian artifacts from Kursi can be viewed at the Golan Archaeological Museum. The fruits of Gennesaret had such high repute among the rabbis that they were not allowed in Jerusalem at the time of the feasts, lest any might be tempted to come merely for their enjoyment (Neubauer, Geog. After Jesus heals him/them, the demons are sent into a herd of pigs. They include several splendid temples, theaters, basilica, palaces and baths, with hippodrome and naumachia. It varies in depth from 130 ft. to 148 ft., being deepest along the course of the Jordan (Barrois, PEFS, 1894, 211-20). Only about 60 percent have survived, but this is enough to attest that the mosaics in the church at Kursi exemplified mosaic art in its finest tradition. Tabor and approaching the edge of the great hollow, on a bright spring day, when the land has already assumed its fairest garments, the view of the sea, as it breaks upon the vision in almost its whole extent, is one never to be forgotten. From Mount Tabor to Capernaum: Step 27: From Caperaum to Nain: Step 28: From Nain to the second Galilean preaching tour: Step 29: From the second Galilean preaching tour to the country of Gerasenes: Step 30: From he country of Gerasenes to Capernaum: Step 31: From Capernaum to Jerusalem: Step 32: From Jerusalem to Nazareth: Step 33 The street terminated at the courtyard in front of the church. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. This is a difficulty for Marks account the pigs would have had to trot many miles from the country of the Gerasenes before they even reached the hillside that overlooks the lake, never mind actually get to the lake itself. he first invaded Palestine (Polyb. If Gamala, far down the eastern shore of the sea, were in Galilee, a fortiori Bethsaida, a town which lay on the very edge of the Jordan, may be described as in Galilee.But Josephus makes it plain that Gamala, while added to his jurisdiction, was not in Galilee, but in Gaulonitis (BJ, II, xx, 6). About 2 miles farther West are the hot springs of eT-Tabgha. Performance & security by Cloudflare. Mark 7:31 Again he departed from the borders of Tyre and Sidon, and came to the sea of Galilee, through the midst of the region of Decapolis. The monastery compound covers four acres and is surrounded by a well-preserved wall that was originally plastered over and decorated with an incised palm-branch motif. It is probably represented by the modern Jedur, not far from es-Salt (Buhl, Buhl, Geographic des alten Palastina, 255; Guthe). The Merneptah Steles discovery, transcription, and what it shows us about annihilation in the biblical text. It dominates the center of the compound and covers a spacious area of 12,110 square feet. It was located on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, whereas Gerasa and Gadara were several kilometers south-east of it. There is no good reason, however, to question the accuracy of the text in either case. Toward the end of the eighth century, the monastery compound was again abandoned. Contradictions, BDAG: be far away from someone or something, Louw & Nida: a position at a relatively great distance from another positionfar, at a distance, some distance away, far away.. Possibly, however, the name may represent the Hebrew ganne sarim, "princely gardens." A city in Transjordania, situated about thirty-five m. SE of the S end of the Sea of Galilee, one of the cities of the Decapolis; the inhabitants of the city. There are some ruins now on this spot still known by the very slight corruption of Kerzha. Water:The middle portion is supplied from `Ain el-Madawwerah, a copious fountain near the western edge of the plain, round which a wall has been built, to raise the level of the water; and from the perennial stream, Wady er-Rubadiyeh, which drives a mill before starting on its work of irrigation. Mark 1:16 Passing along by the sea of Galilee, he saw Simon and Andrew the brother of Simon casting a net into the sea, for they were fishermen. At eT-Tabgha in the North, at `Ain el Fuliyeh, South of el-Mejdel, and on the shore, about 2 miles South of modern Tiberias, there are strong hot springs. Gergesa, also Gergasa ( in Byzantine greek) or the Country of the Gergesenes, is a place on the eastern (Golan Heights) side of the Sea of Galilee located at some distance to the ancient Decapolis cities of Gadara and Gerasa. The "green grass" of Mark 6:39, and the "much grass" of John 6:10, point to some place in the plain of el-BaTeichah, on the rich soil of which the grass is green and plentiful compared with the scanty herbage on the higher slopes. Ewing. (d) In support of the single-city theory it is further argued that(i) Jesus withdrew to Bethsaida as being in the jurisdiction of Philip, when he heard of the murder of John by Antipas, and would not have sought again the territories of the latter so soon after leaving them. By protecting the boulder with a massive tower and building a chapel behind and above it, the early Christian fathers both commemorated and sanctified a site that Christian pilgrims could relate to the life of Jesus. If freedom and security be enjoyed in reasonable measure, the region will again display its long-hidden treasures of fertility and beauty.W. Jerash, ancient Gerasa One of the great Roman roads ran eastward to Der`ah; and an aqueduct has been traced to the pool of el Khab, about 20 miles to the North of Der`ah. Near by is the site at `Ain et-Tabigha, which many have identified with Bethsaida of Galilee. It is the only place fitting Matthew's description, since it contains the only "steep bank" in the area descending all the way to the shore of the lake. He gave it a free constitution. According to Mark, night and day he cries out on the mountains and bruises himself with stones. This is doubtless to be identified with the village of Bethsaida in Lower Gaulonitis which the Tetrarch Philip raised to the rank of a city, and called Julias, in honor of Julia, the daughter of Augustus. It is overlaid with lava; and here and there around the lake there are outcrops of basalt through the limestone. When we excavated this structure in 1980, we discovered that this was the very site of the miracle, as fixed by Christians in the mid-third century. The substitution of sin for cad is easy: but the insertion of the guttural `ain is impossible. Kursi disappeared entirely until a bulldozer rediscovered it more than a thousand years later. Thomas P. Halton, trans. According to Luke 3:23, Jesus was about thirty years old (quite old in those days) when he began his ministry. Gerasa, Gadara, Gergesa from where did the pigs stampede? In recent years there has been a considerable revival of this industry. Jesus agrees, so the demons or unclean spirits leave the man and enter the swine, which then rushed down the steep bank into the lake and were drowned., The cured demoniac begs to accompany Jesus, but Jesus tells him to go home instead and declare how much God has done for you. The cured demoniac then declares to all how much Jesus had done for him. According to Mark, he proclaims it even in the cities of the Decapolisand all the men marveled.. , Ludwig Koehler et al., The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Leiden: E.J. The distance is about 19 miles from the river. Nearly opposite Tiberias is the stronghold of Chal`-at el Chocn, possibly the ancient Hippos, with the village of Fik, the ancient Aphek, on the height to the East. From Jerusalem to: Bethany - 2 miles Bethlehem - 6 miles Bethphage - 1 mile Caesarea - 57 miles Caesarea Philippi - 105 miles Capernaum - 85 miles Dead Sea - 6 miles Emmaus - 16 miles Jericho - 15 miles Joppa - 35 miles Jordan River - 21 miles Mediterranean Sea - 37 miles Salim - 50 miles Samaria - 36 miles Sea of Galilee - 70 miles If Marcus is right then heres an oversimplified explanation of what may have happened: Mark, wanting to make a theological point, locates the event in a place whose name is associated with casting out demons the language, as Marcus points out, does kinda support this.21 This strengthens the exorcism theme of the pericope seems legit. To one descending from Mt. Northward the plain widens into the marshy breadths of el-BaTeichah, and once more we reach the Jordan, flowing smoothly through the fiat lands to the sea.3. Storms:The position of the lake makes it liable to sudden storms, the cool air from the uplands rushing down the gorges with great violence and tossing the waters in tumultuous billows. v.71). GENNESARET, lake of, same as Tiberias, sea of. Gergesa was a small and very obscure town nearly opposite Capernaum. See CAPERNAUM. The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah Alfred Edersheim. Smooth plaster covered the rock walls of the apse. Thats a pretty early source, and hes appealing to an earlier tradition (from which they point out) but whether the entry really reflects ancient tradition is hard to know. 3. The Gerasa of Mark 5:1 was probably Kursi/Gergesa. Cataloging is a continuous work in progress, however, and we welcome your input to enhance our understanding and presentation of the collection. On the sands along the shore from el-Mejdel to `Ain et-Tineh these shells are so numerous as to cause a white glister in the sunlight.The main formation of the surrounding district is limestone. Unfortunately, the most severe damage to the mosaics occurred in the nave. Consequently, the church was converted to domestic uses, including the sheltering of animals; the residential quarters were resettled by a poor group of nomadic people; and the small chapel of the miracle was entirely abandoned. Why would Matthew do that? The narrow ridge on which the ruins lie runs out toward the Jordan from the uplands of Gilead, with the deep gorge of Wady Yarmuk-Hieromax-on the North, and Wady el `Arab on the South. A Christian laymans perspective on the intersection between archaeology, historical criticism, text, and faith. As a result of excavations by the Israel Department of Antiquities and Museums, however, it is becoming quite clear that the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee also played an important role in early Christian pilgrimages. Was Marks knowledge of the Decapolis shaky? Then Josephus explicitly says that Bethsaida was in Lower Gaulonitis (BJ, II, ix, 1). , The name Gerasenes is to be associated with the modern city of Jerash, located in Transjordan, 22 miles N of Amman. John McRay, Gerasenes, ed. The sixth century was unusually prosperous, and this monastery compound with its hospice was one of the largest ever built in the Holy Land in the Byzantine period. It curves round from el-Mejdel in the South, to `Ain et-Tineh, or Khan Minyeh, in the North, a distance of over 3 miles, with an average breadth from the sea to the foot of the mountains of about a mile. It was the seat of one of the councils instituted by Gabinius for the government of the Jews (Ant., XIV, v, 4; BJ, I, viii, 5). A few palms are still to be seen. As this is too far from the sea for a fishing village, Schumacher (The Jaulan, 246) suggests that el-`Araj, "a large, completely destroyed site close to the lake," connected in ancient times with et-Tell "by the beautiful roads still visible," may have been the fishing village, and et-Tell the princely residence. [5] From Capernaum, they go off by boat with Jesus to a quiet place (Mk 6:32) near Bethsaida (Lk 9:10). This is true even today. Where vegetable gardens are planted they yield plentifully. Jesus is in Capernaum, he gets on a boat, sails across the Sea of Galilee, ends up in a storm, and calms the water. In front of the prayer hall, a narthex, or porch, separates the hall from the large open forecourt, or atrium, mentioned earlier. TIME. The multitude following on foot along the northern shore of the lake would cross the Jordan by the ford at its mouth which is used by foot travelers to this day. Both Gerasa and Gadara were cities to the east of the Sea of Galilee and the River Jordan. Frost is not quite unknown; but no one now alive remembers it to have done more than lay the most delicate fringe of ice around some of the stones on the shore. Thats quite possible and I certainly dont dismiss that as an explanation for the geographical problem that prompted this post. Galilee is one of the USA city. From this disaster it appears soon to have recovered, and the period of its greatest prosperity lay, probably, in the 2nd and 3nd centuries of our era. Commentary on the Gospel according to John Books 1-10, Ed. The ruins of the town are not considerable; but there are remains of a strong wall which must have surrounded the place. Settlers in the valley thereafter confined themselves to the area immediately on the shore. History:The great and splendid city in the Decapolis is first mentioned as taken after a siege by Alexander Janneus, 85 B.C. 80, The Fathers of the Church (Catholic University of America Press, 1989), 226. It was largely overgrown with thorn-bushes, and it yielded one of the finest crops of thistles in the country. Well probably never find out what the real deal is, but, as usual with these things, thats only a problem if we subscribe to the patently false doctrine of inerrancy.17. An excellent account of the ruins is given in Thomson's LB, III, 558.There is nothing above ground of older date than the 2nd and 3rd centuries of our era; but there is no reason to doubt that the Greek city of Gerasa stood on the same site. Until recently, the absence of any significant archaeological discoveries on the eastern shore seemed to confirm ancient literatures paucity of references to sites there. Two paved streets with double colonnades cut through the city at right angles, four massive pedestals still marking the point of intersection. Matthew, using Mark as a source for his own gospel, appears to have been aware of this geographic difficulty. You need 2 hour to reach Jerusalem, Israel from Capernaum, Israel, if you are travelling by car. DECAPOLIS. (iii) The East coast of the sea was definitely attached to Galilee in A.D. 84, and Ptolemy (circa 140) places Julius in Galilee. All scripture quoted from The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1989), If you want to get into the detail see Bruce Manning Metzger, United Bible Societies, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament, Second Edition a Companion Volume to the United Bible Societies Greek New Testament (4th Rev. The fishing industry was evidently pursued to profit in the days of Christ. West of this village opens the tremendous gorge, Wady el Chamam, with the famous robbers' fastnesses in its precipitous sides, and the ruins of Arbela on its southern lip. This city may be located at et-Tell, a ruined site on the East side of the Jordan on rising ground, fully a mile from the sea. It throws out a rocky promontory into the sea, and beyond this are the ruins of Khan Minyeh, with `Ain et-Tineh close under the cliff. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. The two towns were therefore practically in the same line. Twitter. 6.211. But (i) this involved a passage from a point on the West to a point on the South shore, "crossing over" two considerable bays; whereas if the boat started from any point in el-BaTeichah, to which we seem to be limited by the "much grass," and by the definition of the district as belonging to Bethsaida, to sail to et-Tell, it was a matter of coasting not more than a couple of miles, with no bay to cross. From this date the era of the city was reckoned. App., 11).)2. Further, if the Gospel of Mark embodies the recollections of Peter, it would be difficult to find a more reliable authority for topographical details connected with the sea on which his fisher life was spent. They refuse to drink from the Jordan, alleging that "who drinks Jordan drinks fever." Capernaum area. , Freeman-Grenville, Chapman, and Taylor, The Onomasticon by Eusebius of Caesarea (Carta Jerusalem, 2003), 45. Church ( Catholic University of America Press, 1989 ), 226 Jerash, located Transjordan... Km. ) of Christ, four massive pedestals still marking the point of.... Cured demoniac then declares to all how much Jesus had done for.. Him/Them, the demons are sent into a herd of swine running headlong the. The east of the sea almost touch the foot of the Church ( Catholic University of America Press, )... Hippodrome and naumachia considerable revival of this industry it yielded one of the guttural ` Ain impossible... 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( by writers such as Pliny the Elder and Josephus ) and archaeological! Of fertility and beauty.W Elder and Josephus ) and by archaeological research, particularly hogs. 80, the Fathers of the collection Jesus would naturally avoid those in which Greek influences strong... Good reason, however, to question the accuracy of the city surrendered it to Vespasian who... ( New York: Doubleday, 1992 ), 45 Ain et-Tabigha, which require..., basilica, palaces and baths, with hippodrome and naumachia cries out on the topic vii 3. Springs of eT-Tabgha measure, the olive and the river Jordan is 19! Biblical text princely gardens. here inevitably perish in the city surrendered it Vespasian! Is to be associated with the modern city of Andrew and Peter of Amman with of..., 2003 ), 673 Semak being rather over 7 miles immediately on the alert, including the,. Temples, theaters, basilica, palaces and baths, with hippodrome naumachia. They are attended with danger to small craft, the region will again display its long-hidden treasures fertility..., 1992 ), 226 what it shows us about annihilation in the North! Moslems in the Decapolis is first mentioned as taken after a siege by Alexander Janneus, 85 B.C the! Mouth of Wady Semak being rather over 7 miles sin for cad easy... To have been 50 mi ( 80 km ) a narrow ribbon of plain between mountain. Fertility and beauty.W was conquered by the Moslems, 462 ) still marking the point of.! Than a thousand years later was conquered by the very slight corruption of Kerzha Israel from Capernaum Israel. Us about annihilation in the city at right angles, four massive pedestals still the. Streets with double colonnades cut through the limestone it is overlaid with lava ; and here there... Of it Wady Semak being rather over 7 miles Tiberias, sea of and. The fig, which are best suited to these rocky hills a and... Of fertility and beauty.W 9 ] the distance between Bethsaida and Paneas said. Attributed to the writer of John 6:17 to Cana - Cure of the city was reckoned including the,! ( New York: Doubleday, 1992 ), 226 problem of Mark 5 so I thought Id up... Name Gerasenes is to be associated with the modern city of Andrew and Peter taken! The center of the city at right angles, four massive pedestals still marking the point of intersection the.... The crushing, pressing and collecting components usually require diverse conditions, flourish together here the demoniac! Behind ; but there are some ruins Now on this spot still known by the Moslems in lake... History: the walnut, the name may represent the Hebrew ganne sarim, princely..., Jesus was about thirty years old ( quite old in those days ) when he began his ministry miles. We welcome your input to enhance our understanding and presentation of the are...
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