; Nick, J.A. Li, B.; Zhang, Y.; Guo, Q.; He, S.; Fan, J.; Xu, L.; Zhang, Z.; Wu, W.; Chu, H. Antibacterial peptide RP557 increases the antibiotic sensitivity of, da Silva, J.L. This lesson bundle contains 16 lessons which have been designed to cover the Edexcel International A-level Biology specification points which focus on the structure of DNA and RNA, their roles in replication and protein synthesis, and genetics and inheritance. 1-2% miscarriage risk ; Beiss, V.; Chan, S.K. First assessment: 2017. Naomi especially enjoys creating resources that enable students to build a solid understanding of subject content, while also connecting their knowledge with biologys exciting, real-world applications. positive feedback from the reviewers. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. Bacteriophage therapy for infections in CF. Review of CFTR modulators 2020. The main focus of the lesson is the CFTR gene and the functions of the ion channel that is synthesised when this gene is expressed. * Patterns of inheritance, in the context of monohybrid inheritance * The formation of polypeptides and proteins Compare that description to what students wear. Posted 11:31:53 AM. I am doing this case study so people have an idea of what is cystic fibrosis in detail and what people think of it. Smaller fleas ad infinitum: Therapeutic bacteriophage redux. Atalantia monophylla, Prismatomeris filamentosa, Ageratum conyzoides, Help us to further improve by taking part in this short 5 minute survey, Sterile Pancreas Inflammation during Preservation and after Transplantation, Electrical Remodeling in Right Ventricular Failure Due to Pulmonary Hypertension: Unraveling Novel Therapeutic Targets, Fragment-Based Drug Discovery against Mycobacteria: The Success and Challenges, New Drugs and Novel Strategies against Nontuberculous Mycobacteria 2.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. How does cystic fibrosis affect the reproductive system? This gene codes for the production of chloride ion channels required for secretion of sweat, mucus and digestive juices, A mutation in the CFTR gene leads to production of, The result is that the body produces large amounts of, and can block airways which limits gas exchange. ; Gomes, M.S. Antimicrobial reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: Concepts and controversies. A step by step guide is then used to describe the sequence of events that result in mucus which is motile and can be moved by the wafting action of the cilia in healthy individuals. Edexcel GCE Biology Advanced Subsidiary Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health Tuesday 12 January 2010 - Morning Time: 1 hour 30 minutes . St Pauls Place, Norfolk Street, Sheffield, S1 2JE. Although the majority of the lesson is described with reference to the gaseous exchange system, the impaired functioning of the digestive system in terms of the blockage of the pancreas and liver secretions is considered and discussed and the students are challenged on their understanding through a range of exam-style questions. Membranes, Proteins, DNA & Gene Expression, 1.3 Core Practical 1: Estimating the Concentration of Sugars & Starch, 1.14 Core Practical 2: Investigate the Vitamin C Content of Food & Drink, 1.16 Designing Studies into the Effects of Risk Factors, 1.20 Treatments for CVD: Benefits & Risks, 2.3 Core Practical 3: Investigating Membrane Structure & Permeability, 2.5 Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion & Active Transport, 2.6 Amino Acids, Proteins & Protein Structure, 2.8 Core Practical 4: Investigating the Rate of Enzyme Reactions, 2.12 How Bases Code for a Polypeptide Chain, 2.15 Patterns of Inheritance & Sex Linkage, 2.18 Ethical & Social Issues of Genetic Screening, 3. Plant Structure & Function, Biodiversity & Conservation, 4.3 Starch & Cellulose: Structure & Function, 4.6 Core Practical 7: Identifying Tissue Types Within Stems, 4.7 Plant-Based Products for Sustainability, 4.9 Core Practical 8: Determining the Tensile Strength of Plant Fibres, 4.11 Plant Products with Antimicrobial Properties, 4.12 Core Practical 9: Antimicrobial Properties of Plants, 4.17 Species Richness & Heterozygosity Index, 4.21 Roles of Seed Banks & Zoos in Conservation, 5. The abnormal gene that causes CF is found on chromosome number 7. The topic also allows for discussion of the social and ethical issues surrounding the genetic screening for genetic conditions. it could form part of an enzyme or a membrane transport protein, Because cystic fibrosis is determined by a, Mucus in the respiratory system is a necessary part of keeping the lungs healthy, It prevents infection by trapping microorganisms, This mucus is moved out of the respiratory tract by cilia, In people with cystic fibrosis, due to the faulty chloride ion channels, the, This means microorganisms are not efficiently removed from the lungs and lung infections occur more frequently, Thick mucus in the digestive system can cause issues because, Digestion of some food may be reduced and therefore, Mucus is normally secreted in the reproductive system to prevent infection and regulate the progress of sperm through the reproductive tract after sexual intercourse, The mucus in people with cystic fibrosis can cause issues in both men and women. ; Essi, L.; de Campos, M.M.A. CF therapy has been considerably improved in recent years. The cystic fibrosis patients are normally between 10 and 20. This topic considers the following biological principles through the context of the genetic disease cystic fibrosis: the properties of and transport of materials, across cell membranes and gas exchange surfaces, DNA structure and replication, protein synthesis, enzymes and monohybrid inheritance through the context of the genetic disease cystic fibrosis. ; Aksamit, T.; Brown-Elliott, B.A. ; Roquet-Banres, F.; Herrmann, J.L. There are different ways that a mutation in the DNA base sequence can occur: Remember that every group of three bases in a DNA sequence codes for an amino acid, This means that insertion mutations cause what is known as a, Like an insertion mutation, a deletion mutation, Substitution mutations can take three forms, Note that a stop codon provides a signal for the cell to stop translation of the mRNA molecule into an amino acid sequence, Duplication is a type of mutation that involves the, A whole gene or section of a gene is duplicated so that, Overtime, the second copy can undergo mutations which enable it to develop new functions, Gene and chromosome duplications occur in all organisms, though they are, Inversion mutations usually occur during crossing-over in meiosis, The result is a large section of the gene that is 'backwards' and therefore multiple amino acids are affected, Inversion mutations frequently result in a non-functional protein, In some cases an entirely different protein is produced, The mutation is often harmful because the original gene can no longer be expressed from that chromosome, If the other chromosome in the pair carries a working gene the effect of the mutation may be lessened, The polypeptide can affect the phenotype, e.g. Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic condition inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, the average probability of inheriting Cystic Fibrosis is 0.0015. a. Judson, I.; Radford, J.A. ; Degiacomi, G.; Chiarelli, L.R. 2.5 (i): Know the basic structure of mononucleotides (deoxyribose or ribose linked to a phosphate and a base, including thymine, uracil, cytosine, adenine or guanine) and the structures of DNA and RNA (polynucleotides composed of mononucleotides linked through condensation reactions) Plants and fungi extracts are largely used in medicine as antimicrobials, such as penicillin. Formerly called mucoviscidosis, CF is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator) gene. It affects about 1 person in 2000. ; Zelazny, A.M. Antimicrobial peptides against drug resistant, Trentini, M.M. Coordination, Response & Gene Technology, 8.2 How a Response is Generated by Effectors, 8.7 The Effects of Drugs on Nervous Transmission, 8.12 Core Practical 18: Amylase in Germinating Cereal Grains, 8.17 Drug Production from Genetically Modified Organisms, 8.19 Transfer of Recombinant DNA into Other Cells, The polypeptide can affect the phenotype, e.g. ; Lin, H.C.; Liu, C.Y. articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without Upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cytokine secretion in peripheral blood monocytes from pulmonary tuberculosis patients. This research was funded by the Italian Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, grant number FFC#18/2021 (adopted by Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Codogno e Piacenza, Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Rovigo, Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Belluno, Nonno Nanni Latteria Montello), and FFC#5/2022 (adopted by: Gruppo di sostegno FFC Ricerca Miriam ColomboOspedaletti; Gruppo di sostegno FFC Ricerca di GradoGorizia; Gruppo di sostegno FFC Ricerca di Benevento; Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Monterotondo Roma; Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Vigevano; Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Trieste; Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Sassari Castelsardo; Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Moncalvo; Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Lecce). ; Schwartz, E.F.; Kipnis, A.; Junqueira-Kipnis, A.P. 1.1.2 The Importance of Water in Transport, 1.1.3 Mammalian Heart: Structure & Function, 1.1.4 Blood Vessels: Structure & Function, 2.1 Gas Exchange, Cell Membranes & Transport, 2.1.1 Properties of Gas Exchange Surfaces, 2.1.5 Practical: Investigating Membrane Structure & Permeability, 2.3.6 Globular Proteins: Structure & Function, 2.3.7 Fibrous Proteins: Structure & Function, 2.3.10 Practical: Investigating the Effect Enzyme and Substrate Concentrations, 3.2.3 Practical: Identifying Mitosis in Plant Cells, 3.3.4 Meiosis: Source of Genetic Variation, 4.1.2 Measuring Biodiversity Within a Habitat, 4.1.3 Comparing Biodiversity Between Habitats, 4.2.3 Importance of Water & Inorganic Ions to Plants, 4.2.4 Starch & Cellulose: Structure & Function, 4.2.6 Practical: Identifying Tissue Types Within Stems, 4.2.7 Practical: Determining the Tensile Strength of Plant Fibres, 5.1.4 Practical: Determining Distribution & Abundance, 5.1.7 Calculating the Efficiency of Biomass & Energy Transfers, 5.3.2 Evidence for the Causes of Climate Change, 5.3.7 Practical: Temperature & Development of Organisms, 5.3.8 Climate Change & the Scientific Community, 5.3.9 Carbon Cycle & Reduction of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, 5.4.3 Evidence of Evolution & the Scientific Community, 6.1.2 Micro-organisms: Decomposition & Nutrient Recycling, 6.2.9 Evolutionary Race Between Pathogens & Host, 7.2.6 Practical: Investigating the Rate of Respiration, 7.4.1 Variations in Breathing Rate & Heart Rate, 7.4.2 Practical: Investigating the Effects of Exercise, 7.4.4 Modern Medicine & Participation in Sports, 8.1.3 Nervous System: Response to a Stimulus, 8.2.4 The Role of Animal Models in Research, 8.2.6 Imbalances in Brain Chemicals Leading to Diseases, 8.2.10 Nature vs Nurture in Brain Development. * Understanding the pattern of monohybrid inheritance Currently, there have been few reported cases of phage therapy in humans, e.g., a clinical trial done in London reached phase II for the treatment of chronic otitis from, Of particular interest is a study carried out in Tbilisi (Georgia), in which CF people with pulmonary infections were treated by nebulization with phage preparations, combined with conventional antibiotics, anti-mucus drugs, and vitamins. Need or want? in 2013 reported an MIC of 25 g/mL against, More specific research analyses 22 pure compounds extracted from different parts of 4 medicinal plants (, All the reported studies indicate that plants and fungi are still nowadays a source with a huge potential for discovering new molecules that are effective in fighting, In conclusion, this review provides an overview of the latest findings on innovative therapies against, For some of the strategies described, positive results have been obtained at the early pre-clinical stages, and it is hoped that these will form the basis for developing these strategies and confirming their efficacy in vivo so that they can reach the clinical trial stage. IBO was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, the resources created by Save My Exams. How does cystic fibrosis affect the digestive system? ; Davidson, R.M. ; Yu, C.T. ; Ivanova, K.; Tang, W.L. P1b 1c Very big and very small numbers H PBworks. Pilot study to test inhaled nitric oxide in cystic fibrosis patients with refractory. 2.5 (ii): Know how complementary base pairing and the hydrogen bonding between two complementary strands are involved in the formation of the DNA double helix methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. ; et al. ; Iaccarino, J.M. One mutation causes a change in the primary structure of CFTR, a membrane transport protein. 2.14 Understand how the expression of a gene mutation in people with cystic fibrosis impairs the functioning of the gaseous exchange, digestive and reproductive systems. Boeck, L.; Burbaud, S.; Skwark, M.; Pearson, W.H. They have no symptoms of CF this happens only when there are CF mutations on both number 7 chromosomes (see diagram). Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Report this resourceto let us know if it violates our terms and conditions. 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